Secondary Data Sources Research Articles

The Role of Technology Use in Moderating the Influence of Social Capital and Work Environment on Teacher Performance

Many things are indicated as the driving force in improving performance, and the success of a graduate at the high school level cannot be separated from an educator (teacher). So this research aims to determine the moderating influence of the use of technology in encouraging performance between social capital and the work environment on teacher performance. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach with primary and secondary data sources. The research population was all teachers in high schools in Sekotong sub-district, West Lombok, namely 91 teachers. Determination of samples using purposive sampling so that 91 teacher informants were obtained. The research instrument used a questionnaire distributed using Google Form. Data analysis method using path analysis and with SmartPLS 4.0 as a processing tool. The results of this research are that social capital is proven to have no significant effect on teacher performance, meaning that a wide and dense network of relationships does not have an effect on increasing teacher performance for high school/vocational school level teachers in Cendi Manik Village, Sekotong District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Meanwhile, the work environment has been proven to have a significant positive effect on teacher performance. This means that the better the work environment, the better the teacher performance will be at the High School teachers in Cendi Manik Village, Sekotong District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Then technology is not proven to moderate social capital and the work environment on teacher performance. This means that technology must be balanced with other things to support it, for example balancing knowledge with training and updating knowledge.

The Role of Leadership Transformation in Mediating the Influence of the Use of Technology and Knowledge Sharing Towards Performance Improvement Village Apparatus

This research aims to determine the role of leadership transformation as a medium in the relationship between the use of technology, and knowledge sharing on the performance of village officials. This research uses a quantitative descriptive approach with primary and secondary data sources. The research population was all officials in Cendi Manik Village, Sekotong District, West Lombok, namely 196 village officials. Determination of samples using purposive sampling so that 100 village official informants were obtained. The research instrument used a questionnaire distributed using Google Form. Data analysis method using path analysis and with SmartPLS 4.0 as a processing tool. The results of this study indicate that the use of technology does not have a significant positive effect on performance. Knowledge Sharing significant positive effect on device performance. The use of technology has a significant positive effect on Leadership Transformation Knowledge Sharing significant positive effect on Leadership Transformation. Leadership Transformation does not have a significant positive effect on the Performance of Village Officials. Leadership Transformation is not able to mediate the relationship between the Use of Technology and the Performance of Village Officials, and Leadership Transformation is not able to mediate the relationship. Knowledge Sharing on the Performance of Village Officials in Cendi Manik Village, Sekotong District, West Lombok.

Employment Generation and Livelihood: Special Reference to MGNREGA Scheme in Ranchi District of Jharkhand

The purpose of this article is to explore the employment conditions of the people living in the Ranchi district of Jharkhand, examine the status of the implementation of MGNREGA scheme in the State and study the merits of MGNREGA and its effect on the livelihood of the state. The research study has been conducted in Ranchi district of Jharkhand. The timeline for the study is from the year 2019-2020 to 2023-2024. The study is based on both exploratory and descriptive research design. The secondary sources of data were used for obtaining information from the population on various aspects of MGNREGA. The researcher observed that the introduction of the MNREGA has not made any significant difference and change in the living conditions of people in the Ranchi district. It was also noted that the employment rate has declined over these years. There was a huge gap in the demand and supply of employment. However, the only positive aspect of the scheme was that it led to an increment in the engagement of women labour force in the Ranchi district.

Book Review: "Research Methods for Business Students" (Eighth Edition) by Mark N. K. Saunders, Philip Lewis, and Adrian Thornhill (Pearson Education, 2019)

Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis, and Adrian Thornhill's book "Research Methods for Business Students" provides a comprehensive guide for students and researchers involved in business and management research. It offers a pragmatic approach, clear explanations, and a wide array of research methods suitable for both novice and seasoned researchers. The book extensively discusses various research methodologies, including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods, providing detailed descriptions to help readers choose the most appropriate approach for their research objectives. The book delves deeply into specific research approaches like experiments, surveys, case studies, and ethnography, helping readers comprehend their utility and implications. A notable strength of the book lies in its emphasis on ethical considerations throughout the research process. The authors address ethical issues related to access negotiation, consent acquisition, and data management, preparing readers to navigate ethical challenges in modern research environments effectively. Furthermore, the book offers practical insights into data collection and analysis techniques, with chapters dedicated to sampling, secondary source utilization, observations, interviewing, questionnaire design, and data analysis, all explained step by step with clear illustrations. The book engages readers through theoretical frameworks, conceptual discussions, and real-world examples, enhancing their understanding of key research concepts like validity, reliability, and generalizability. By integrating case studies and detailed examples from various organizational contexts, the book illustrates how research methods are applied in practice. The authors' ability to convey complex subjects in an accessible manner ensures that readers from diverse backgrounds can grasp the material effectively. The practicality and relevance of "Research Methods for Business Students" to the business context set it apart, as it presents real-world examples and case studies from various industries. It emphasizes the importance of keeping abreast of the latest developments in research methodologies, ensuring the content remains useful and current for students and scholars. In conclusion, "Research Methods for Business Students" is an invaluable resource for individuals embarking on business and management research. Despite minor limitations, the book equips readers with essential knowledge and skills, fostering responsible and effective research practices within the business domain. Through its practical approach, comprehensive coverage, and engaging style, the book empowers readers to conduct high-quality research and make meaningful contributions to the field of business studies.

DETERMINANTS AND IMPACT OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE IN ODISHA

The theoretical framework and rationale of the study assess the most important fiscal parameter of the state of Odisha i.e., Expenditure parameter. As we know, aggregate of the expenditure of the state consists of Revenue expenditure and Capital expenditure, among which the largest share is contributed by Revenue expenditure. The paper highlights the responsiveness of expenditure to the automatic change in NSDP Elasticity approach, position of odisha among the 18 major non-special category states in terms of infrastructural development, bank credit, factory employment, level of urbanisation etc. and also examine the causative relationship between SDP and different expenditure variables in Odisha. The study is based on secondary source of data for the State from different government publications, Budget documents, Finance Accounts etc. The paper used different methodologies for analysis, which includes simple statistical techniques such as, ratio, percentage, and also Regression Analysis to estimate growth. In this regard models like, semi log, multiple regression, correlation, VAR models are used to analyse the time series data from 1980-81 to 2014-15 on revenue and capital expenditure of state finances . Apart from that to show the response of revenue expenditure to the automatic change in NSDP, Elasticity approach is utilized. The major results of the study are that higher growth in total expenditure in period t-1 leads to higher growth of SDP in period t. The same result holds only in case of growth of Total Non-Plan Expenditure. The results of VAR Granger Casualty Test are similar to the VAR Model excepting that Total Non-Plan Expenditure is found independent of SDP and there is also independence of SDP from Total Non-Plan Expenditure. KEY WORDS: budget, capital, elasticity, finance, grants, growth, NSDP, expenditure, VAR

Niche Heritage Tourism in Stingray Island: The Case of Japanese Defense Heritage in Indonesia

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the competitiveness of Morotai Island, located in North Maluku, in terms of tourism development potential.
  
 Theoretical Framework: Tourism, defined as the movement of people to increase employment opportunities, local community economies, international trade, export revenue, foreign exchange earnings and investment, is influenced by a variety of social, cultural, and economic variables. Therefore, heritage sites and historic monuments are critical to urban development because they promote a sense of community among citizens while also emphasizing local identity and location.
  
 Method: Empirical research was carried out utilizing an inductive methodology using a variety of primary and secondary data sources.
  
 Results and Discussion: Results indicate that to further strengthen the community and further its tourism and regeneration aims, it could be beneficial for the autonomous organization organizing and overseeing social and cultural events and activities. Furthemore, to develop a range of tourism supporting services, the inventiveness of the region’s tourism entrepreneurs also require training in the early stages of region’s development.
  
 Research Implications: The study implicates an overall belief that improving Morotai's urban and economic landscape through tourism will either keep locals in the area or discourage them from leaving in pursuit of better opportunities and a higher standard of living.
  
 Originality/Value: This study contributes to the community heritage-based tourism as a tool of diversifying its local economic structure. This research precisely to recognize historic-heritage area in as a strategic instrument to develop rural areas.

Progress of Trade Facilitation in India: A Quantitative Assessment

In this paper, the authors present a long-term quantitative assessment of the trade facilitative environment in India. This pioneering exercise uses average cargo release time as a performance indicator, drawing upon secondary data sources based on transaction-level digital timestamps, as distinct from perception-based global surveys. It concludes that the unsegregated average import cargo release time has improved from 14 days in 2010–2011 to 86 hours and 44 hours for marine and air cargo, respectively, in 2023, yet falling short of 48 hours and 24 hours respective target set by the government. Highlighting the trade facilitation measures that have worked, the paper recommends focusing on the quality of regulatory measures, infrastructural improvement and wider adoption for the next generation of reforms. JEL Classifications: F1, F14, F18, F19

Managing the Needs of Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Mainstream Rural Schools: An Ethnopsychology Informed Approach

Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in mainstream rural schools encounter unique challenges stemming from loss, economic instability, and disrupted familial structures. Addressing their needs demands a comprehensive and culturally sensitive approach. This paper thus explored the use of an ethnopsychology framework to understand and address the diverse needs of rural children, emphasizing the importance of culturally sensitive interventions in mainstream schools. It also evaluated the effectiveness of ethnopsychological interventions and the role of community collaboration. This article used secondary data sources to understand how the ethnopsychology approach can be utilized as a potential sustainable intervention strategy for the needs of OVC in mainstream rural schools. The results show that OVC are well-served by the cultural resources that rural schools have in abundance from a cultural perspective. The study also emphasized the significance of cultural practices and beliefs in influencing community responses and developing resilience in assisting OVC. The study supported the care, protection, and psychosocial support to OVC as significantly influenced by family and relationship networks, community-based organizations, and traditional support systems. The paper made recommendations for improving rural schools’ response to OVC needs in light of cultural sensitivity. These include boosting collaboration between formal and informal support systems, creating community networks, fostering cultural adaptation and preservation, and giving community members more agency through programs that increase their knowledge and skills. This study underscored the significance of ethnopsychology principles of community and social connection in leveraging cultural resources, context-based and responsive interventions, and appreciating and sustaining existing indigenous knowledge systems in understanding and addressing the needs of OVC in mainstream rural schools. Understanding and supporting OVC contributes towards cultivating meaningful collaborations and transformative care of OVC in the Global South. Keywords: Ethnopsychology, Cultural Sensitivity, Rural Community, Mainstream Rural Schools, Orphans and Vulnerable Children.

SCRUTINIZING THE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYEES AT SARGAM METALSPRIVATE LIMITED, CHENNAI

The article analyzed the scrutinizing the training and development for a period of three months, Sargam Metals Private Limited is the subject of a research on training and development. Primary and secondary sources of data were used in the data collection process. Using questionnaires, different Sargam Metals private limited employees provide the primary data. Convenience sampling was employed by the researcher, who additionally gathered 50 samples for the study's analysis. The secondary data came from a range of sources, including firm documents, papers, periodicals, journals, and websites. The primary goal of this study is to highlight Sargam Metals Private Limited's training and development program. The collected data are assessed using a variety of methodological instruments. One of the most important aspects of determining long-term profitability is the caliber of personnel and how they are developed via education and training.

The Effect of Dividend Policy, Liquidity and Profitability on Company Value

Aims: This research aims to analyze the influence of dividend policy, company liquidity and company profitability on company value in manufacturing companies Place and Duration of Study: This research uses a sample of manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017 - 2021 period. Methodology: Researchers use causal quantitative methods with secondary data sources. The method used is the purposive sampling method. The total population in this study was 72 manufacturing companies in the sub-food and beverage consumer goods industrial sector and 18 companies were selected as samples with observation data of 90 samples. This research uses descriptive analysis techniques, classical assumption tests, model feasibility tests and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 25 statistical software as a tool to process data and provide conclusions. Conclusion: The results of this research show that dividend policy and profitability have a positive effect on company value, while liquidity does not have a positive effect on company value.

Rancangan Pengukuran Kinerja Perusahaan Dengan Metode Balanced Scorecard Pada CV. Angkasa Raya Teluk Kuantan

This study aims to assess performance using the balanced scorecard method across various perspectives: financial, customer, internal business processes, and growth and learning. The research employs a quantitative approach with primary and secondary data sources, involving 40 respondents from CV Angkasa Raya Teluk Kuantan employees, selected through accidental sampling. Data analysis, including validity and reliability tests, is conducted using SPSS 25. The findings indicate that (1) the financial perspective for CV Angkasa Raya Teluk Kuantan is generally positive, (2) the customer perspective reveals the company's ability to achieve customer satisfaction, (3) the internal business process perspective reflects favorable results in the areas of innovation, operations, and after-sales service, and (4) the growth and learning perspective suggests satisfactory employee satisfaction and effective training programs. The study provides a comprehensive assessment of performance measurement using the balanced scorecard method, offering insights into the company's strengths across various dimensions.

The role and interplay of institutions in water governance in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Background Institutions can play a key role in coordinating how natural resources are effectively managed and used without over-exploitation. Institutions are laws, policies, and organizational arrangements that permit, forbid or regulate human action. This study aimed to look into the roles of formal and informal institutions, and their interactions in water resources governance in the Central Rift Valley (CRV), Ethiopia. Methods Key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and secondary data sources were employed to collect relevant data. Results The result of the study indicated that the influence of informal institutions on formal institutions or vice versa was insignificant, and unable to change the actions of water users in the CRV. Other limitations observed in water resources governance in the CRV include a lack of actors’ clear roles and responsibilities, absence of meaningful decentralization, limited engagement of key actors in policy development, lack of synergy between the institutions, and absence of enforcement mechanisms. Conclusion Considering the local contexts and community’s traditional knowledge of water governance in water-related policy, rules, and regulations, and enhancing the capacity of local-level institutions, strong interplay among all institutions involved in water governance, and meaningful actors’ engagement were recommended to advance the role of institutions in water resources governance in the CRV and in the country. Hence, a mechanism that enables to harmonize formal and informal institutions in water management system can enhance the governance of water resources in the study area and elsewhere in the country.

The Influence Of Work-Life Balance On Employee Performance At Hotel Four Points By Sheraton Medan

The purpose of this research is to comprehend and analyze the influence of work-life balance on employee performance at Four Points by Sheraton Medan. This study employs an associative approach method. The population for this research encompasses all employees at Four Points by Sheraton Medan, with a sample size of 51 respondents determined using the Slovin's formula. This research utilizes both primary and secondary data sources. The data analysis techniques applied in this study consist of simple linear regression analysis, the t-test of hypotheses, and the Coefficient of Determination. Data processing was conducted using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software version 25.00. Based on the data analysis results, a simple regression equation model was obtained as Y = 24.164 + 0.461 X, indicating a positive influence of work-life balance on employee performance. Furthermore, from the results of the t-test analysis, a significant value of 0.002 < 0.05 was obtained, indicating that work-life balance significantly affects employee performance at Four Points by Sheraton Medan.

The Association of COVID-19 Patient Comorbidities With Mortality at Pertamina Jaya Hospital Central Jakarta

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is a disease outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2; as of July 20, 2021, there were 2,950,058 positive cases and 76,200 deaths in Indonesia. COVID-19 patients with comorbidities are mostly hypertension (50%), diabetes mellitus (37.2%), and heart disease (16.7%). This study aims to prove how comorbidities affect the mortality of COVID-19 patients at Pertamina Jaya Hospital, Central Jakarta.Method: This study is a retrospective cohort analysis. The sample comprised 500 patients, 250 comorbid groups, and 250 without comorbidities. The secondary data source is medical records of COVID-19 patients at Pertamina Jaya Hospital from April 2020 to September 2021. Data analysis using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate.Result: Multivariate analysis with logistic regression resulted in a value of (32.197 95% CI 9.714 - 106.718) so that there is an influence on the risk of death with a comorbid history in COVID-19 patients. The relative risk value proves that hypertension has a 3-fold risk of death (3.124 95% CI 1.441 - 6.773), diabetes mellitus is 2.5 times (2.521 95% CI 1.055 - 6.024), while heart disease is 2.3 times (2.325 95% CI 1.169 - 4.622).Conclusion: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease are comorbidities that are predictors of mortality for COVID-19 patients due to a higher risk of death.

Evaluation of Passive Cooling Strategies in Urologist Specialist Hospital, Ikoyi, Lagos State

In a hot climate, keeping a building's interior comfortable means slowing down the pace at which heat enters the structure and promoting the expulsion of extra heat. The current study examined the various passive strategies which can lead to optimal cooling in specialist hospitals in Nigeria. A qualitative research design was adopted as a blueprint and strategy for the study. Secondary data sources were adopted, existing studies were reviewed and the text was analyzed using a content analysis technique. From the analysis, the passive cooling strategies identified include; Natural ventilation, stack ventilation, sun shading system, insulation and evaporating cooling. Based on the available strategies, it is more acceptable to deploy passive cooling in general healthcare centres and specialized hospitals in particular.

Analysis Of Determinants Of Firm Value In Property And Real Estate Companies Listed On The Bei In 2019-2022

This study aims to analyze and determine the effect of profitability as measured by return on assets, solvency as measured by debt to equity ratio to company value measured by price book value. This research uses quantitative methods with secondary data sources in the form of the company's annual financial statements. The population of this study is property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2019-2022 period. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, and a sample of 37 companies was obtained. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression with the SPSS 25 program. The results showed that the return on assets and debt-to-equity ratio had no effect on the value of the company.

In the Driver's Seat: Narrative-Based Counseling in Aphasia

Purpose: People with aphasia have been shown to experience higher rates of depression and mental health issues than stroke survivors without aphasia. Narrative-based counseling approaches to therapy in communication disorders have shown promise in several areas, such as stuttering. Little is known regarding how these approaches can be implemented with individuals with aphasia. This study sought to uncover what therapeutic processes could be utilized to overcome barriers to utilizing this approach with people with aphasia. Method: A qualitative case study design was utilized. The primary data source included audio-recorded intervention sessions of a narrative-based counseling approach. Secondary data sources included reflection journals produced by the clinician and artifacts created by the client, including letter written as a part of the therapeutic process and other documents co-constructed by the clinician and client that detailed the client's journey. Data were analyzed inductively, in which transcripts were coded by the researchers and compared across the data set until patterns were apparent in the data that were later defined as themes. Results: Analysis of data suggests that adapting narrative counseling techniques for success with people with aphasia consists of allowing adequate time for client response, building a therapeutic alliance, reiteration and saturation of solution-focused language and narratives, and maintaining a topic of conversation centered around aphasia. Conclusion: This study argues for further consideration of how narrative-based counseling techniques can be adapted and flexibly used in aphasia intervention.

WHO’s end of TB targets: unachievable by 2035 without addressing under nutrition, forced displacement, and homelessness: trend analysis from 2015 to 2022

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, despite the World Health Organization (WHO) actively working towards its eradication through various initiatives and programs. Undernutrition, forced displacement, and homelessness worsen TB’s burden and challenge control efforts; however, there is still no adequate research that shows the trend of these underlying factors to attain the WHO’s ambitious TB targets. So, this study aims to analyze the trend analysis of these underlying factors worldwide from 2015 to 2022 and their impact on the feasibility and implications of reaching the End TB targets by 2035. We utilized international databases, including UNHCR, FAO, and WHO reports, as secondary data sources. Data were extracted chronologically from 2015 to 2022 to illustrate trends in undernutrition, forced displacement, and homelessness on a global level.This trend analysis reveals that undernutrition, forced displacement, and homelessness have worsened over time. Undernutrition rose from 8.4 to 9.8% globally between 2015 and 2021, affecting 22.7 million additional individuals each year. In 2022, undernutrition affected 735 million people globally. Africa (21.9%) and Asia (10.6%) had the highest rates, while Western Europe and North America had lower rates than the global average: 3.4% and 2.5%, respectively.Similarly, the global rate of forced displacement increased from 65.1 million people in 2015 to 108.4 million in 2022, a 21% increase from 2021. This means that an extra 19 million people were displaced in 2021. Globally, homelessness, affecting 1.6 billion people, has worsened over time. Despite being a highly vulnerable group to TB, homeless individuals are often neglected in TB control efforts. Our findings underscore the critical importance of addressing undernutrition, forced displacement, and homelessness in achieving the World Health Organization’s ambitious End TB targets by 2035, as highlighted through trend analysis from 2015 to 2022. Implementing policies focusing on nutrition, stable housing, and the challenges faced by displaced populations is imperative for progress toward a TB-free world.

“We know what we do”: an agency-structure analysis of political vigilantism in Ghana

Political vigilantism has come out as an offshoot of the violence that characterises multi party elections in Ghana. Several studies on political vigilantism give primacy to the role of structural factors in explaining the phenomenon in Ghana. However, such a notion deprives political vigilantes of any sense of agency and further evades how the understanding of the interaction between agency and structure can offer deeper insights into the phenomenon of political vigilantism. The paper argues that political vigilantes should be characterised as agents who can make decisions about the actions that they undertake and not solely determined by the constraints of structure. The actions of political vigilantes are mediated through social structures that shape the options available to them. Using purposive and snowball sampling techniques, 41 key informants were selected for the study in Accra, Kumasi and Tamale. The study employed both primary and secondary data sources. Whereas secondary data was sourced from desk reviews, primary data was collected through interviews and focus group discussions. The narratives were thematically analysed. The study findings show that members of political vigilante groups are conscious agents and for that matter decide and act either autonomously or relationally despite existing pressures from social structures. In addition, the paper shows that the exercise of agency among the vigilantes is inseparable from structure as the structure is reproduced and changed through the actions of the political vigilantes who in turn are shaped through the structures that they occupy. Therefore, policy responses to political violence should consider the two sides of the equation by working simultaneously on the behaviour of political actors and resolving the circumstances that facilitate political violence

Emerging Opportunities and Potential Areas for Growth in the Indian Direct Selling Industry

The Indian Direct Selling Industry, characterized by its dynamic nature and rapid evolution, stands at a critical juncture where emerging opportunities and potential areas for growth beckon. This research paper, based on comprehensive analysis of secondary data sources, seeks to provide a holistic understanding of this industry and its future prospects. The paper commences by assessing the current state of the Indian direct selling industry, analyzing data and reports to delineate its growth trajectory, market size, and prevailing market dynamics. It then delves into an examination of the regulatory framework governing direct selling in India, scrutinizing the Direct Selling Guidelines of 2016, which establish the legal boundaries of industry operations. The core focus of this study is to identify emerging opportunities within the Indian direct selling landscape. The research reveals that the integration of e-commerce platforms, social media as a pivotal marketing tool, and the growing emphasis on sustainability and ethical consumption are key areas of evolution. The industry's adaptation to regional and cultural diversity is also instrumental in tapping into diverse consumer preferences. These emerging opportunities have the potential to reshape the industry's future. The role of sustainability and ethical practices within the direct selling industry takes center stage, demonstrating how responsible business conduct, ethical compensation plans, and a commitment to corporate social responsibility can foster trust and strengthen consumer and direct seller relationships. Finally, the paper provides insights into potential areas for growth and development within the Indian direct selling industry. These areas encompass market expansion into rural regions, digital transformation, product diversification, community impact, and customized approaches to meet regional preferences. In summation, this research paper offers a roadmap for stakeholders in the Indian direct selling industry, from companies and direct sellers to policymakers, by providing a comprehensive analysis of the industry's current state and future potential. As the industry evolves, it is poised to capitalize on these emerging opportunities and growth areas, shaping the future of direct selling in India. Keywords: Direct Selling, e-commerce, sustainability, product diversification.